Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder is defined by the presence of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode.
Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder is defined by the presence of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode. Hypomania is a milder form of mania — less disruptive and shorter in duration — but the depressive episodes are often severe and prolonged. Many patients first seek help for depression, and the hypomanic states may go unnoticed, leading to frequent misdiagnosis as unipolar depression. In Saudi Arabia, bipolar II disorder is increasingly recognized in psychiatric practice, especially among young adults presenting with recurrent depression.
What constitutes Bipolar II Disorder?
Diagnosis requires at least one hypomanic episode lasting four or more days and one major depressive episode lasting at least two weeks. Hypomania is marked by elevated mood, increased energy, and productivity, but it does not cause the extreme impairment or hospitalization seen in mania. Depressive episodes, however, are often disabling.
Causes and risk factors
- Genetic predisposition, especially if family members have bipolar or depression
- Neurobiological changes in brain circuits regulating mood
- Environmental stressors and trauma
- Irregular sleep patterns or circadian rhythm disruptions
- Hormonal factors may also play a role
Symptoms and warning signs
Hypomanic phase:
- Increased energy and productivity
- Reduced need for sleep
- Talkativeness and sociability
- Heightened creativity or focus
- Irritability when challenged
Depressive phase:
- Persistent sadness and feelings of worthlessness
- Sleep disturbances (too much or too little)
- Difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking
- Loss of motivation or interest in life
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
Treatment approaches
Medication:
- Mood stabilizers (lamotrigine is commonly used)
- Antipsychotics for mood stabilization
- Antidepressants in combination with mood stabilizers (never alone)
Therapy:
- CBT for managing depressive thoughts
- Family-focused therapy to improve communication and reduce stress
Lifestyle:
- Establishing consistent routines to prevent mood swings
- Stress reduction techniques (yoga, mindfulness)
Monitoring:
- Regular psychiatric check-ins to adjust treatment and prevent progression to Bipolar I
Why Act Center for Bipolar II Disorder in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia?
Our experienced therapists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia provide specialized care focused on managing depressive episodes and stabilizing hypomania.
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